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Heart Failure
Heart Failure
Heart failure refers to a condition in which the heart does not pump efficiently, and consequently, it is unable to circulate enough blood to meet the needs of the body. Inefficient pumping also causes the blood returning to the heart to back up in the veins, which can cause an accumulation of fluid in the tissues and lungs. Because many of these symptoms of heart failure are caused by the congestion of the tissues and lungs with fluid, it is frequently called congestive heart failure.
The most common causes of heart failure in the U.S. are:
Coronary artery disease – The narrowing of the arteries due to plaque buildup.
Cardiomyopathy – A disease of the heart muscle that causes the heart to lose its pumping efficiency.
High blood pressure
Disease of the heart valves
The most frequently reported symptoms of heart failure are: fatigue with exertion, shortness of breath especially when lying down, and general fatigue. Heart failure can be treated in a variety of ways, depending upon the cause of the failure, including coronary bypass surgery, valve replacement surgery, or heart transplantation.
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Cardiac |
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a group of diseases that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthmatic bronchitis. The common characteristic of these diseases is obstruction to airflow out of the lungs, and the common symptom is shortness of breath. In the U.S., an estimated 90 percent of COPD is due to smoking. Treatment includes absolute avoidance of smoking, and bronchodilators and oxygen for those with advanced disease.
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Pulmonary |
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Pneumonia
Pneumonia
Pneumonia is also called viral pneumonia, community-acquired pneumonia, or simple pneumonia. It is caused by one of several viruses including varicella (chickenpox), influenza, and adenovirus.
Pneumonia is not a single disease, but the name for several types of lung inflammation caused by infectious organisms. Pneumonia is the sixth most common cause of death in the U.S., primarily because it is a common complication of any serious illness. It is more common in males, during infancy and old age, and in those who have reduced immunity to infection. The symptoms, treatment, and outcome vary greatly, depending on the cause and on the general health of the patient.
Symptoms may include fever, headache, chills, weakness, chest pain, and a cough that produces sputum and occasionally blood. Potential complications include pleural effusion (fluid around the lung), empyema (pus in the pleural cavity), and, rarely, an abscess in the lung.
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Pulmonary |
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Bowel Obstruction
Bowel Obstruction
A bowel obstruction is a blockage of the bowel (intestine), preventing passage of material. The bowel is a long tube-shaped organ in the abdomen that completes digestion. Common symptoms include constipation, abdominal swelling, and abdominal pain. Treatment includes intravenous fluids, rest, nasogastric suction, and in some cases, surgery.
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Other Procedures |
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Cholecystectomy
Cholecystectomy
A cholecystectomy is the surgical removal of the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a digestive organ that stores bile produced by the liver. Bile is used in the digestion and absorption of fats in the duodenum. Removal of the gallbladder is done by incision or laparoscopy.
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Other Procedures |
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Gastrointestinal Bleed
Gastrointestinal Bleed
Gastrointestinal bleed refers to bleeding that occurs along the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, intestines, rectum, and anus. It is a symptom of a disease rather than a disease itself. The cause may not be serious, but locating the source of bleeding is important. Most causes of bleeding are related to conditions that can be cured or controlled, such as ulcers or hemorrhoids.
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Pancreatitis
Pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas. The pancreas is a large gland behind the stomach and close to the upper part of the small intestine. It secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine. It also releases hormones into the bloodstream to help the body convert glucose from food into energy. Most acute pancreatitis cases are caused by alcohol abuse or gallstones.
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Prostatectomy
Prostatectomy
A prostatectomy is the surgical removal of all or part of the prostate gland. The prostate gland is a gland in the male that surrounds the neck of the bladder and urethra. The prostate contributes to seminal fluid. After this surgery, sperm enters the bladder rather than the urethra.
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Respiratory Failure
Respiratory Failure
Respiratory failure occurs when the body is not providing enough oxygen to the cells and is not removing excess carbon dioxide from the cells. Failure may be acute or chronic. Some causes are asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, radiation sickness, and leukemia.
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Sepsis
Sepsis
Sepsis is a toxic condition caused by the presence of microorganisms or their poisonous products in the bloodstream. Pulse and respiration usually rise, accompanied by headache, pains, malaise, loss of appetite, concentrated and diminished urine, constipation, restlessness, insomnia, and irritability.
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Other Procedures |
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