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Heart Failure
Heart Failure
Heart failure refers to a condition in which the heart does not pump efficiently, and consequently, it is unable to circulate enough blood to meet the needs of the body. Inefficient pumping also causes the blood returning to the heart to back up in the veins, which can cause an accumulation of fluid in the tissues and lungs. Because many of these symptoms of heart failure are caused by the congestion of the tissues and lungs with fluid, it is frequently called congestive heart failure.
The most common causes of heart failure in the U.S. are:
Coronary artery disease – The narrowing of the arteries due to plaque buildup.
Cardiomyopathy – A disease of the heart muscle that causes the heart to lose its pumping efficiency.
High blood pressure
Disease of the heart valves
The most frequently reported symptoms of heart failure are: fatigue with exertion, shortness of breath especially when lying down, and general fatigue. Heart failure can be treated in a variety of ways, depending upon the cause of the failure, including coronary bypass surgery, valve replacement surgery, or heart transplantation.
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Cardiac |
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Hip Fracture Repair
Hip Fracture Repair
Hip fracture repair surgery repositions the bone fragments resulting from a displaced fracture back into their normal alignment. These newly repositioned fragments are held to the underlying bone with the use of special metal plates and screws.
An intramedullary (IM) rod may also be used to hold the bone fragments in place. This rod is inserted into the center marrow compartment of the long thigh bone (femur).
The goal of hip fracture repair surgery is to allow the fracture to heal to maximize the likelihood of restoring full function to the joint and to relieve pain. Procedures for partial hip replacement are also included in this category of hip fracture repair.
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Orthopedic |
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Total Knee Replacement
Total Knee Replacement
Total knee replacement is performed to replace a diseased knee joint with an artificial knee joint. The surgery is done to free patients from stiffness and pain caused by osteoarthritis (a degenerative joint disease and the most common form of arthritis) and rheumatoid arthritis (a chronic autoimmune disease that occurs when antibodies in the blood system designed to attack viruses and infections mistakenly target the body's own healthy tissues).
Total knee replacement surgery is performed by an orthopedic surgeon who makes an incision in the patient’s knee, removes the diseased joint, and replaces it with the artificial knee joint. In some cases, total knee replacement surgery has to be repeated or "revised." For the ratings analysis, HealthGrades considers only initial procedures, which indicates that the knee replacement procedure is being performed for the first time on a particular patient.
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Orthopedic |
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a group of diseases that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthmatic bronchitis. The common characteristic of these diseases is obstruction to airflow out of the lungs, and the common symptom is shortness of breath. In the U.S., an estimated 90 percent of COPD is due to smoking. Treatment includes absolute avoidance of smoking, and bronchodilators and oxygen for those with advanced disease.
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Pulmonary |
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Pneumonia
Pneumonia
Pneumonia is also called viral pneumonia, community-acquired pneumonia, or simple pneumonia. It is caused by one of several viruses including varicella (chickenpox), influenza, and adenovirus.
Pneumonia is not a single disease, but the name for several types of lung inflammation caused by infectious organisms. Pneumonia is the sixth most common cause of death in the U.S., primarily because it is a common complication of any serious illness. It is more common in males, during infancy and old age, and in those who have reduced immunity to infection. The symptoms, treatment, and outcome vary greatly, depending on the cause and on the general health of the patient.
Symptoms may include fever, headache, chills, weakness, chest pain, and a cough that produces sputum and occasionally blood. Potential complications include pleural effusion (fluid around the lung), empyema (pus in the pleural cavity), and, rarely, an abscess in the lung.
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Pulmonary |
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Bowel Obstruction
Bowel Obstruction
A bowel obstruction is a blockage of the bowel (intestine), preventing passage of material. The bowel is a long tube-shaped organ in the abdomen that completes digestion. Common symptoms include constipation, abdominal swelling, and abdominal pain. Treatment includes intravenous fluids, rest, nasogastric suction, and in some cases, surgery.
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Other Procedures |
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Gastrointestinal Bleed
Gastrointestinal Bleed
Gastrointestinal bleed refers to bleeding that occurs along the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, intestines, rectum, and anus. It is a symptom of a disease rather than a disease itself. The cause may not be serious, but locating the source of bleeding is important. Most causes of bleeding are related to conditions that can be cured or controlled, such as ulcers or hemorrhoids.
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Other Procedures |
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Sepsis
Sepsis
Sepsis is a toxic condition caused by the presence of microorganisms or their poisonous products in the bloodstream. Pulse and respiration usually rise, accompanied by headache, pains, malaise, loss of appetite, concentrated and diminished urine, constipation, restlessness, insomnia, and irritability.
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Other Procedures |
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Stroke
Stroke
Stroke, also known as Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA), is the result of a sudden reduction of blood flow to an area of the brain. When this happens, sensation, movement, abilities, or functions controlled by that area of the brain become impaired or lost. About 90 percent of strokes are ischemic infarctions (a sudden clot or buildup within the brain) and 10 percent are hemorrhagic (a rupture or breakage of a blood vessel within the brain).
For most strokes, symptoms develop within a few minutes to an hour and continue for more than 24 hours; the effects are permanent in some cases. The eventual amount of neurologic damage depends on age, state of health, and the size and location of the stroke. In the U.S., approximately 200 people per 100,000 population will experience a stroke. The incidence increases dramatically with age and is higher in men than in women. Multiple strokes are common.
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Other Procedures |
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